| | 2011³â 10¿ù 5ÀÏ, ¾ÖÇÃÀº ȨÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ½ºÆ¼ºê À⽺°¡ 56¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ·Î »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù´Â ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇØ Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¾È°å´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÆÀÌÆÌ, ¾ÆÀÌÆù, ¾ÆÀÌÆÐµå µî ±âÁ¸¿¡ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø Á¦Ç°µéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»¸ç ¾ðÁ¦³ª Æ®·»µå¸¦ ÁÖµµÇß°í, ½Ã´ë¸¦ ²ç¶Õ¾îº¸´Â ÅëÂû·ÂÀº °¡Áø ÃÖ°íÀÇ °æ¿µÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾÷Àû, ¾ÖÇÃÀÇ Åº»ý ¹è°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Áö¹®À» ÀоÀÚ. Steve Jobs, the co-founder and former chief executive of Apple, Inc., died on October 5 after a long fight with pancreatic cancer. Deteriorating health had forced him to resign from Apple only two months before. Jobs¡¯s death at the young age of fifty-six seems especially poignant in light of his famous commencement speech at Stanford in 2005, in which he talked at length about the inevitability of death as a major inspiration for his achievements. Pride and fear, Jobs said, ¡°just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.¡±
Born in San Francisco in 1955, Jobs had a penchant for engineering that became evident in high school when he met Steve Wozniak, a technological whiz. ¡áThe friends¡¯ first collaboration was on ¡°blue boxes,¡± devices for hacking into phones to make free calls (illegally). ¡á Like Wozniak, Jobs never finished college but spent a few years auditing classes that piqued his interest, such as calligraphy. ¡á (This experience later contributed to his development of various fonts for computers¡ªonly one of the ways in which Jobs would change the industry.) ¡á In 1976, working out of the Jobs family garage, the two men founded Apple Computer, Inc. The company made history in the 1980s with the Apple II¡ªone of the first commercially successful personal computers, and the first to run useful educational and business software. Jobs then pushed the development of the Macintosh, a more graphically rich and user-friendly model that appeared in 1984 and helped to establish the mouse as the preferred user interface. But tensions grew between Jobs and other Apple executives, and he resigned in 1985 to found a new company, NeXT, Inc. He also co-founded the film company Pixar as a ¡°hobby.¡± While NeXT produced an operating system instrumental in the creation of the World Wide Web, and Pixar began making the most acclaimed animated movies of all time, Apple struggled to innovate in Jobs¡¯s absence. In danger of collapsing, Apple purchased NeXT in 1995 and brought Jobs back as an advisor. Within a year he was the CEO. Since then, Apple has become the world¡¯s second-most valuable company (behind only Exxon), thanks to a series of blockbuster products pushed by Jobs. The iPod, released in 2001, was not the first MP3 player, but it was the first one that everyone wanted to buy. It captured seventy percent of the digital music player market, and the iTunes online music store became the top music retailer in the US. Then, by expanding the iTunes product line from music to movies, TV shows, games, and books, Apple ceased to be a mere computer company and became the world¡¯s leading digital media company. In 2007, the first iPhone popularized the cellphone touch screen and produced a whole new industry of mobile apps, and the 2009 iPad established tablet computers as the next major trend in computing. All of these innovations were driven not by market research but by Jobs¡¯s own instincts. Apple fans seems to have an affection for their gadgets that no other brand inspires, and this affection extends to Jobs. In the days following his death, impromptu memorials appeared outside of Apple stores around the world, with admirers leaving flowers and written messages. And while lengthy obituaries were published in every newspaper, Internet commenters circulated a pithier summary of Jobs¡¯s legacy:¡°Bill Gates put a computer on every desk. Steve Jobs put one in every pocket, purse, dorm room and bedroom.¡± 1.Look at the four squares [¡á] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Meanwhile, Wozniak¡¯s tinkering produced a circuit board in which his friend saw great commercial potential. Where would the sentence best fit?
TIPS: ¡°Meanwhile~¡±·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ¹®ÀåÀ̹ǷÎ, ¹Ù·Î ¾ÕÀÇ ¹®Àå¿¡¼ Wozniak¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ È¸·ÎÆÇÀÇ »ó¾÷¼ºÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÈ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ³× ¹øÂ° ³×¸ð¿¡ µé¾î °¡¾ß ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.
2. Which of the following is correct, according to paragraph 3? (A) One of the Macintosh¡¯s chief innovations was its educational programs. (B) NeXT Computer, Inc. was unsuccessful and was rescued by Apple. (C) Jobs oversaw the creation of the first mouse by Apple in 1984. (D) Jobs returned to Apple in 1995 in a non-executive position.
TIPS: ¹®´Ü ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ º¸¸é À⽺°¡ 1995³â¿¡ Apple·Î µ¹¾Æ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§ °í¹®À¸·Î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç 1³â À̳»¿¡ CEO°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (D)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù.
3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) To achieve its goal of becoming the leading digital music company, Apple shifted from music to TV, movies, books, and games. (B) By becoming a top digital media company, Apple was able to expand its product line to TV shows, movies, and so on. (C) Apple not only expanded iTunes to other media but also managed to become a leading digital media company. (D) Apple became the leading digital media company because iTunes branched out from music to other media.
TIPS: ÇÏÀ̶óÀÌÆ®µÈ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº 1) iTunes´Â À½¾Ç¿¡¼ ¹Ìµð¾î·Î È®»êµÇ¾ú°í, 2) ±× ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀÎÇØ 3) AppleÀÌ ¹Ìµð¾î ȸ»çÀÇ ¼±µÎ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (D)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù.
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