select * from tbl_content where devision_sn = 316 and devision = 22 TOEFL
Login  l  Register  l  Sitemap  l  Subscription  l  Media Kit 
 
 
 
  Learning Times > TOEIC/TOEFL > TOEFL
 
  Date : 2011-10-14
Agent Orange
 
  ÁÖÇѹ̱ºÀÌ 1970³â´ë¿¡ °æ»óºÏµµ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ Camp Carroll¿¡ °í¿±Á¦¸¦ ´ë·® ¸Å¸³Çß´Ù´Â Áõ¾ðÀÌ ³ª¿Í »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ³í¶õÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. º£Æ®³²ÀüÀï ´ç½Ã »ç¿ëµÆ´ø °í¿±Á¦ÀÇ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ°ú ÈÄÀ¯Áõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Áö¹®À» ÀÐÀ¸¸ç ÃֽŠÅäÇÿ¡ ´ëºñÇÏÀÚ. 
 
Last June, a local TV station in Phoenix, Arizona broke a story that would rock Korea. Three former American soldiers reported that in 1978, they had helped bury large amounts of Agent Orange, a chemical defoliant, at Camp Carroll in North Gyeongsang province. Steven House, Robert Travis, and Richard Cramer described placing hundreds of barrels of the highly toxic substance¡ªsome of them already leaking¡ªinto a ditch the size of a city block. The three men believe their contact with Agent Orange to be responsible for their own long-term health problems. In August, House testified before the Korean National Assembly, calling for the US and Korean governments to thoroughly investigate the possibility of soil and groundwater contamination at Camp Carroll and its environs.
 
A mixture of two herbicides, Agent Orange was developed by American chemical companies for the US Defense Department in the 1940s. (Its name is derived from the color of the stripes on the 200-liter barrels in which it was transported.) During the Vietnam War of 1962 to 1971, the US military sprayed over 75 million liters of Agent Orange and other herbicides and defoliants over Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The purpose of this program, known as Operation Ranch Hand, was to deprive enemy guerillas both of food and of forested areas in which to hide. Millions of acres of jungle and farmland were destroyed.
 
Agent Orange became a household word in the late 1960s when the world began to learn the extent of its potential to harm human health and the environment. Its two component herbicides--2,4,5-T and 2,4-D¡ªhad long been known as toxins. But in 1969, the US government admitted that due to accidental overheating during production, it was also contaminated with the dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). ¡á TCDD is a human carcinogen that one scientist has described as ¡°perhaps the most toxic molecule ever synthesized by man.¡±¡á According to the Vietnam Red Cross, up to 3 million people in South Vietnam alone have suffered adverse health effects due to Agent Orange exposure. ¡á Studies suggest that dioxin-polluted soil continues to affect the health of local people today, causing a variety of skin disorders as well as cancers of the lungs, prostate, and larynx. ¡á
 
Whether Koreans could be suffering similar ill effects remains unclear. The US Army has admitted burying other toxic chemicals at Camp Carroll, insisting that they were later removed. But the August testimony of the former American soldiers prompted a joint US-Korean investigation of the groundwater around the base, with (so far) inconclusive results. While the US team did not find traces of Agent Orange, Korean investigators found small amounts of 2,4,5-T in several wells¡ªfortunately, at levels too low to pose health risks. Perhaps more worrying was the discovery of dangerous levels of toxins unrelated to Agent Orange, including the cancer-causing solvents trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. Local residents have been warned not to drink the groundwater until further notice. Meanwhile, the story has re-ignited an old debate over the environmental impact of US military bases in Korea¡ªa debate unlikely to be resolved anytime soon.
 
1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
 
(A) In August, House offered to conduct an investigation of Camp Carroll for Korea and the US.
(B) In August, House testified that Korea and the US were investigating possible environmental contamination.
(C) House¡¯s testimony before the Korean National Assembly led the government to conduct an investigation of Camp Carroll.
(D) House told the Korean National Assembly that Korea and the US should investigate possible contamination at Camp Carroll.
 
TIPS: ÇÏÀ̶óÀÌÆ®µÈ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº 1) House°¡ Çѱ¹ ±¹È¸¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çѱ¹°ú ¹Ì±¹¿¡ Á¶»ç¸¦ ÇØ´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇßÀ¸¸ç 2)±× Á¶»ç´Â Camp CarrollÀÇ ¿À¿° °¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ³»¿ëÀ» ¸ðµÎ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â (D)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù.
 
2. Look at the four squares [¡á] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
 
In the aftermath of the war, children in affected areas showed elevated rates of cleft palate, missing fingers and toes, and other birth defects.
 
Where would the sentence best fit?
                                                                                                       
TIPS: ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀºAgent Orange ·Î ÀÎÇØ Ä¡¸íÀû ÇÇÇØ¸¦ ÀÔÀº ¸¹Àº º£Æ®³² »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÀÌ µÇ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ³×¸ð ¹Ù·Î µÚ¿¡ µé¾î°¡¾ß ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.
 
3. What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 4?
 
(A) The US investigators believe Camp Carroll¡¯s groundwater to be safe.
(B) The search for pollution in and around Camp Carroll is still going on.
(C) The US government has acknowledged burying Agent Orange at Camp Carroll.
(D) The perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene did not originate from Camp Carroll.
 
TIPS: ³× ¹øÂ° ´Ü¶ô¿¡¼­ ¡°until further notice¡±, ¡°so far¡±¿Í °°Àº ¾î±¸µéÀÌ ´Ü¼­°¡ µÈ´Ù. Áï, Camp CarrolÁö¿ªÀÌ ¿À¿°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÁøÇà Áß À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î (B)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù.
 
Á¤´ä1. D,  2.Square 3, 3. B
 
Vocabulary
 
-defoliant: n. °í¿±Á¦ / A chemical substance, used especially in war, that makes all the leaves of plants drop off
-leak: v. »õ´Ù, À¯ÃâµÇ´Ù / If a container leaks, there is a small hole or crack in it that lets gas or liquid flow through
-ditch: n. ¹è¼ö·Î / A long narrow hole dug at the side of a field, road etc to hold or remove unwanted water
-contamination: n. ¿À¿°, ¿À¿°¹°Áú / dirty or harmful place or substance
-toxic: n. µ¶¼Ò / a poisonous substance, especially one that is produced by bacteria and cause a particular disease
-adverse: adj. ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ / not good or favorable
-synthesize: v. ÇÕ¼ºÇÏ´Ù / to make something by combining different things or substances
-testimony: n. Áõ°Å, Áõ¾ð / a formal statement saying that something is true, especially one a witness makes in a court of law
-inconclusive: adj. °á·Ð¿¡ À̸£Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â / not leading to a clear decision or result
-ignite: v. ºÒÀÌ ºÙ´Ù, Á¡È­µÇ´Ù / to start burning, or to make something start burning
 
[Àü¹® ¹ø¿ª]

ÁÖÇѹ̱ºÀÌ 1970³â´ë¿¡ °æ»óºÏµµ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ Camp Carroll¿¡ °í¿±Á¦¸¦ ´ë·® ¸Å¸³Çß´Ù´Â Áõ¾ðÀÌ ³ª¿Í »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ³í¶õÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. º£Æ®³²ÀüÀï ´ç½Ã »ç¿ëµÆ´ø °í¿±Á¦ÀÇ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ°ú ÈÄÀ¯Áõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Áö¹®À» ÀÐÀ¸¸ç ÃֽŠÅäÇÿ¡ ´ëºñÇÏÀÚ.  
 
Áö³­ 6¿ù, ArizonaÀÇ Phoenix¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ Áö¹æ TV ¹æ¼Û±¹Àº Çѱ¹À» µÚÈçµé À̾߱⸦ ÅͶ߷ȴÙ. ¼¼ ¸íÀÇ Àü ¹Ì±º º´»çµéÀÌ 1978³â¿¡ °æ»óºÏµµ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Camp Carroll¿¡¼­ È­ÇÐÀû °í¿±Á¦ÀÎ Agent Orange¸¦ ´ë±Ô¸ð·Î ¹¯´Â ÀÏÀ» µµ¿Ô¾ú´Ù°í º¸°íÇß´Ù. Steven House¿Í Robert Travis ±×¸®°í Richard Cramer´Â µµ½ÃÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸È¹ Á¤µµ Å©±âÀÇ ±¸µ¢ÀÌ¿¡¡ªÀϺδ ÀÌ¹Ì »õ°í Àִ¡ª¸Å¿ì À¯µ¶ÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀÌ µç Åë ¼ö¹é °³¸¦ ³õÀº »ç½ÇÀ» ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ±× ¼¼ »ç¶÷Àº ±×µéÀÇAgent Orange¿ÍÀÇ Á¢ÃËÀÌ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àå±âÀû °Ç°­¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. 8¿ù¿¡, House´Â Çѱ¹ ±¹È¸º¸´Ù Àü¿¡ Áõ¾ðÇÏ¿©, ¹Ì±¹°ú Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ Camp Carroll°ú ±× ÁÖº¯Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Åä¾ç°ú ÁöÇϼö ¿À¿°ÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» öÀúÈ÷ Á¶»çÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù.
 
µÎ °¡Áö Á¦ÃÊÁ¦ÀÇ È¥ÇÕÀÎ Agent Orange´Â 1940³â´ë¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ ±¹¹æ¼ºÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹ È­ÇРȸ»çµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. (±×°ÍÀÇ À̸§Àº ¼ö¼Û¿ë 200¸®ÅÍ Åë¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁÙ¹«´ÌÀÇ ºû±ò¿¡¼­ µû¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.) 1962³â¿¡¼­ 1971³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ º£Æ®³² ÀüÀï µ¿¾È¿¡, ¹Ì±ºÀº º£Æ®³², ¶ó¿À½º, įº¸µð¾Æ¿¡ ĥõ¿À¹é¸¸ ¸®ÅͰ¡ ³Ñ´ÂAgent Orange¿Í ±× ¹ÛÀÇ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦¿Í °í¿±Á¦¸¦ »Ñ·È´Ù. Operation Ranch Hand¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº Àû °Ô¸±¶óµé¿¡°Ô¼­ ½Ä·®°ú ¼û¾î ÀÖÀ» ½£ Áö¿ªÀ» ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¿¡ÀÌÄ¿ÀÇ Á¤±Û°ú ³óÁö°¡ ÆÄ±«µÇ¾ú´Ù.
 
Agent Orange´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ °Ç°­°ú ȯ°æ¿¡ ÇØ¸¦ ÁÙ ÀáÀç·ÂÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ¼¼°è°¡ ¾Ë±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ 1960³â´ë ¸»¿¡ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ´Ü¾î°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Agent OrangeÀÇ µÎ ºÎºÐÀÇ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦¡ª2,4,5-T¿Í 2,4-D¡ª´Â µ¶¼Ò·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Áö°¡ ¿À·¡´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 1969³â¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â »ý»ê°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ °ú¿­ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ´ÙÀÌ¿Á½Å 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD)·Î ¿À¿°µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ½ÃÀÎÇß´Ù. ¡á TCDD´Â ÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚ°¡ ¡°¾Æ¸¶µµ Àΰ£¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÇÕ¼ºÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå À¯µ¶¼ºÀÇ ºÐÀÚÀÏ °Í¡±À̶ó°í ±â¼úÇÑ ÀÎü¹ß¾Ï¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ¡á º£Æ®³² Àû½ÊÀڻ翡 ÀÇÇϸé, ³²ºÎ º£Æ®³²¿¡¸¸ »ï¹é¸¸ ¸í¿¡ À̸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Agent Orange¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÎÁ¤Àû °Ç°­ È¿°ú¿¡ °íÅëÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¡á**¿¬±¸µéÀº ´ÙÀÌ¿Á½ÅÀ¸·Î ¿À¿°µÈ Åä¾çÀº ¿À´Ã³¯±îÁö Áö¿ªÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ °Ç°­¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾î Æó¾Ï, Àü¸³¼±¾Ï, Èĵξϰú ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇǺÎÁúȯÀ» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù°í ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. ¡á
 
Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» ´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¹Ì±ºÀº Camp Carroll¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇØ È­Çй°ÁúµéÀ» ¹¯Àº °ÍÀ» ½ÃÀÎÇϸ鼭µµ µÚ¿¡ Á¦°ÅÇß´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àü ¹Ì±º º´»çµéÀÇ 8¿ù Áõ¾ðÀº ±× ±âÁö ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÁöÇϼö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ¹Ì ÇÕµ¿Á¶»ç¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ¿© (¾ÆÁ÷Àº) °áÁ¤ÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº °á°ú¸¸À» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ÆÀÀÌ Agent OrangeÀÇ ÈçÀûÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ¹Ý¸é¿¡, Çѱ¹ Á¶»ç¿øµéÀº ¸î¸î ¿ì¹°¿¡¼­¡ª´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ °Ç°­¿¡ À§ÇèÀ» ³¢Ä¡±â¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀÇ¡ª2,4,5-T¸¦ ¼Ò·® ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´õ °ÆÁ¤ÀÎ °ÍÀº trichloroethylene°ú perchloroethyleneÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿ë¾×À¸·Î Agent Orange¿Í´Â °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø´Â µ¶¼ÒµéÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀÌ´Ù. Áö¿ªÁֹεéÀº ÃßÈÄÅ뺸°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§±îÁö ÁöÇϼö¸¦ ¸ÔÁö ¸»¶ó´Â °æ°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÇÑÆí, ±× À̾߱â´Â Çѱ¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì±º±âÁöÀÇ È¯°æÀû ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀïÀ» ÀçÁ¡È­Çߴµ¥¡ª±× ³íÀïÀº ½±°Ô ÇØ°áµÉ °Í °°Áö ¾Ê´Ù.
 

 
Top