| | Áö³ ÅäÇÿ¡¼ ÄÚÄÚ¾ÆÀÇ ¿ø»êÁö ¹× ÃÊÄݸ´ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¹®ÀÌ ÃâÁ¦µÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¸¸Å, ÃÊÄݸ´°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÅäÇÈ¿¡ ´ëºñÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ÃÊÄݸ´°ú °Ç°ÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ¿À·¡ ÀüºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Å« °ü½ÉÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À¸¹Ç·Î, À̹ø Áö¹®À» ÅëÇØ È®½ÇÈ÷ ¾Ë¾Æ µÎµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. In the last century, chocolate was considered a decadent treat. Popularly blamed for weight gain, tooth decay, and even acne, it was carefully avoided by the health-conscious. This attitude constituted a complete reversal from earlier eras. For three millennia, Native Americans had made food and drinks with cocoa powder¡ªmade from cocoa beans, the seeds of the fruit from cacao trees¡ªwith the belief that it had restorative powers. At first, Europeans agreed. In 1569, after being given a spicy chocolate brew by the Aztecs, the Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes wrote to his king about this drink ¡°that builds up resistance and fights fatigue.¡± Over the centuries, though, as milk and sugar were added to chocolate, it acquired a bad reputation. How could something so delicious be healthy, too? But now research is piling up that proves the Native Americans were right: chocolate is good for you. As Cortes observed, it does fight fatigue. Chocolate contains caffeine as well as theobromine and phenylethylamine, two other stimulants that increase alertness. It benefits the brain in other ways, too: by triggering the release of endorphins, the ¡°feel-good¡± chemicals that elevate mood and reduce pain, and by lifting levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that fights depression. Perhaps the most promising finding about chocolate¡¯s effects on the brain is that it has been shown to increase blood flow to and from the grey matter, raising hopes that it could play a role in preventing dementia.
Researchers attribute chocolate¡¯s effect on blood flow to the flavanols found in cocoa solids (the non-fatty component of cocoa beans). ¡áNot only do they have a proven ability to lower blood pressure, expand artery walls, and prevent blood clots, they also reduce inflammation and levels of LDL (so-called ¡°bad¡± cholesterol). ¡áThe link between chocolate and cardiovascular health is therefore a popular and intriguing research topic. ¡á In August, after reviewing seven studies with a total of over a hundred thousand participants, a Cambridge University team concluded that eating chocolate twice a week reduced the risk of heart disease by 37 percent and the risk of stroke by 27 percent. ¡á
What about all the fat and sugar in chocolate? One study found that despite its sugar content, plain milk chocolate does not cause cavities because it contains decay-fighting minerals such as phosphate. And semi-sweet or dark chocolate actually increases insulin sensitivity, which means it may help prevent diabetes. (Dark chocolate is considered healthier in general, as it has the highest proportion of flavanol-rich cocoa solids.) Even the fat in chocolate is little cause for concern, as two-thirds of it consists of healthy fats that either have a neutral or beneficial impact on cholesterol. Of course, many commercial chocolates and chocolate-flavored products contain fillings with large amounts of added sugar, saturated fat, and other unhealthy ingredients, and the calories in chocolate certainly add up. As in most aspects of diet, the key is moderation. Consuming an ounce of dark chocolate¡ªabout one-half of a candy bar¡ªtwice a week is enough to enjoy its health benefits. 1. What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1? (A) Cacao trees are native to Europe and the Americas. (B) European explorers were reluctant to try Native American foods. (C) The chocolate made by Native Americans was not sweet. (D) Twentieth-century studies suggested chocolate was not healthy. TIPS: ù ´Ü¶ô¿¡¼ ¹Ì±¹¿øÁֹεéÀÌ Ã³À½ ¸Ô¾ú´ø ÃÊÄݸ´Àº ¡°spicy¡± ÇÏ´Ù°í ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÁß¿¡ ¼³ÅÁÀ» ÷°¡ÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾î¼ ÃÊÄݸ´ÀÌ ´Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î (C)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù. 2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. (A) Most promisingly, it may prevent dementia by increasing blood flow to the brain. (B) Since it prevents dementia, chocolate may also increase blood flow to the brain. (C) Its ability to prevent dementia is the most promising finding about chocolate. (D) Increasing blood flow to the grey matter is a promising treatment for dementia. TIPS: ÇÏÀ̶óÀÌÆ®µÈ ¹®ÀåÀÇ Çٽɳ»¿ëÀº ÃÊÄݸ´Àº (1) ³úÀÇ Ç÷·ù¸¦ Áõ°¡½Ã۰í, (2) Ä¡¸Å¸¦ ¿¹¹æÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸£¸ç, (3) À̰ÍÀÌ ÃÊÄݸ´°ú ³ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå À¯¸ÁÇÑ ¹ß°ßÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼(A)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù. 3.Look at the four squares [¡á] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Flavanols are a class of antioxidants, or substances that prevent damage to cells. Where would the sentence best fit? TIPS: ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº Çöó¹Ù³î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀÇÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Çöó¹Ù³îÀÌ Ã³À½ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ¹®Àå ¹Ù·Î µÚ¿¡ µé¾î°¡¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, ù ¹øÂ° ³×¸ð°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. Á¤´ä 1. C 2. A 3. First Square Vocabulary -decadent: adj. Ÿ¶ôÇÑ, ÅðÆóÀûÀÎ / having low moral standards and being more concerned with pleasure than serious matters -decay: n. ºÎÆÐ, ºÎ½Ä / the natural chemical change that causes the slow destruction of something -restorative: adj. ¿ø±â¸¦ ȸº¹½ÃŰ´Â / making you feel healthier or stronger -fatigue: n. ÇÇ·Î / very great tiredness -dementia: n. Ä¡¸Å / an illness that affects the brain and memory, and makes you gradually lose the ability lose the ability to think and behave normally -attribute: v. ~ÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀ¸·Î º¸´Ù / to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something -artery: n. µ¿¸Æ / one of the tubes that carries blood from your heart -inflammation: n. ¿°Áõ / a painful redness or swelling of a part of your body that results from an inflection, injury, or illness -saturated: adj. Èì»¶ Á¥Àº, Æ÷ÈµÈ / extremely wet -moderation: n. Àû´çÇÔ, ÀýÁ¦ / control of your behavior, so that you keep your actions, feelings, habits etc within reasonable limits [Àü¹® ¹ø¿ª] Áö³ ¼¼±â¿¡, ÃÊÄݸ´Àº ÅðÆóÀûÀÎ Á¢´ë À½½ÄÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº üÁßÁõ°¡¿Í ÃæÄ¡ ±×¸®°í ¿©µå¸§¿¡ À̸£´Â ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ´ëºÎºÐ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ºñ³À» ¹Þ¾Ò±â¿¡, °Ç°À» ÀǽÄÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ȸÇǵǾú´Ù. ÀÌ Åµµ´Â ÈξÀ À̸¥ ½Ã±âºÎÅÍ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ Àεð¾ðµéÀº »ïõ ³â°£¡ªÄ«Ä«¿À ³ª¹« ¿¸ÅÀÇ ¾¾ÀÎ, ÄÚÄÚ¾Æ ÄáÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç¡ªÄÚÄÚ¾Æ °¡·ç¸¦ °¡Áö°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ø±âȸº¹ ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î À½½Ä°ú À½·á¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. óÀ½¿¡´Â À¯·´Àε鵵 µ¿ÀÇÇß´Ù. 1569³â, ½ºÆäÀΠŽÇè°¡ÀÎ Hernan Cortes´Â Aztec »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼ ¸ÀÀÌ °ÇÑ ÃÊÄݸ´ ¹ßÈ¿ Â÷¸¦ ¹Þ°í¼ ¡°±×°ÍÀº ÀúÇ×·ÂÀ» ±â¸£°í ÇǷθ¦ ȸº¹½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù¡±¶ó°í ±×ÀÇ ¿Õ¿¡°Ô ÆíÁö¸¦ ½è´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ ¼¼±â¿¡ °ÉÃļ, ÃÊÄݸ´¿¡ ¿ìÀ¯¿Í ¼³ÅÁÀÌ Ã·°¡µÇÀÚ, ±×°ÍÀº ³ª»Û ÆòÆÇÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ¸ÀÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô °Ç°¿¡µµ ÁÁÀ» ¼ö Àִ°¡? ±×·¯³ª ÇöÀç ¿¬±¸´Â ¹Ì±¹Àεð¾ðµéÀÌ ¿Ç¾Ò´Ù¡ªÁï, ÃÊÄݸ´ÀÌ ¸ö¿¡ ÁÁ´Ù¡ª´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÒ ±Ù°ÅµéÀÌ ½×À̰í ÀÖ´Ù.
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