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  Learning Times > TOEIC/TOEFL > TOEFL
 
  Date : 2011-09-30
Goldilocks Planet
 
  Á¦2ÀÇ Áö±¸Ã³·³ ²Ù¸ç »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Ç༺À» ÁöĪÇÏ´Â "°ñµð¶ô½º Ç༺"ÀÌ À¯·´ õ¹®ÇÐÀڵ鿡°Ô ¹ß°ßµÇ¾î »ý¸íü°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¶Ç´Ù½Ã Á¦±âµÇ°í ÀÖ¾î Çа谡 ÁÖ¸ñÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. õ¹®ÇÐ, Áö±¸°úÇп¡ °üÇÑ Áö¹®Àº ÅäÇÿ¡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ ´Ù·ïÁö°í ÀÖ°í Æ¯È÷ »õ·Î¿î Ç༺¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ß°ßÀ¸·Î À̽´°¡ µÈ ÁÖÁ¦´Â Àß ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¾î ÃֽŠÅäÇà °æÇâ¿¡ ´ëºñÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
 
On Monday, September 13, astronomers at a conference in Wyoming made news when they announced the discovery of 50 new exoplanets (planets outside our solar system). But one of those planets dominated the headlines: a ¡°Goldilocks planet¡± 36 light-years from Earth. A Goldilocks planet is one that, like the soup in the children¡¯s story, is neither too hot nor too cold. Its orbit must lie within its star¡¯s habitable zone¡ªthat is, at a safe distance for liquid water to exist without either freezing or boiling away. Liquid water is, of course, considered one of the requisite conditions for describing a planet as habitable, and HD 85512b is being described as the most habitable exoplanet yet. Located in the constellation Vela, it is 3.6 times as massive as Earth and its upper-atmosphere temperature is estimated at a mild 25 degrees Celsius. 
 
HD 85512 b is the latest and most promising development in the ongoing search for planets that may harbor life. It was found by the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) at the European Southern Observatory in Chile. ¡á Now in its eighth year of operation by a team of Swiss astronomers, HARPS works by detecting slight wobbles in the movement of a star caused by the gravity of its orbiting planets. ¡á It also has the distinction of having found the first confirmed Goldilocks planet in 2009: Gliese 581 d orbits the red dwarf Gliese 581 in the Libra constellation, about 20 light-years from Earth, just inside that star¡¯s habitable zone. ¡áIn 2010, American astronomers using the Keck optical telescope claimed to have found a planet they called Gliese 581 g, located squarely in the middle of the habitable zone. But other researchers have been unable to corroborate this finding. While its discoverers stand by their data, the existence of Gliese 581 g remains in dispute among experts. ¡á 
 
The controversy over Gliese 581 g highlights the enormous challenges faced by astronomers in search of Earth-like worlds. If it is difficult to merely confirm the existence of a Goldilocks planet, it is exponentially harder to determine whether life could develop there. This is because while moderate temperatures are a necessary condition for life, they are far from sufficient. Planets in the habitable zone may still lack water, or an atmosphere, or organic molecules¡ªall essential for life as we know it to evolve. They may also have an unsuitable composition. Astronomers assume that habitable planets must be rocky like Earth, in contrast to gas giants like Saturn or Jupiter. We cannot ascertain the characteristics of distant planets with current technology. For example, scientists have no idea what HD 85512 b is made of or whether it has an atmosphere. 
 
Nevertheless, many astronomers are increasingly optimistic about finding life on other planets. Over 50 Goldilocks planets have been discovered to date, and the relative ease and speed with which they have been found is encouraging.  Our galaxy alone consists of about 200 billion stars and spans a hundred thousand light-years. The discovery of Goldilocks planets only 20 to 40 light-years away strongly suggests that they are more common than once thought. Our galaxy may, in fact, have millions of them¡ªand many experts believe that this makes alien life a statistical certainty. 
 
1. Which of the following is correct, according to paragraph 2?
 
(A) HARPS detects planets by monitoring the brightness of stars.
(B) HD 85512 b is the first confirmed Goldilocks planet.
(C) The discoverers of Gliese 581 g think it is outside the habitable zone.
(D) There is disagreement about whether Gliese 581 g is real.
TIPS: 2¹øÂ° ¹®´Ü ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡¼­ ¡°Gliese 581 gÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³íÀÇ ÁßÀÌ´Ù¡± ¶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î (D)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù. 


2. Look at the four squares [¡á] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
 
Another planet in the same solar system may be an even better candidate for life, however¡ªif it exists.
 
Where would the sentence best fit?


TIPS: ¡°if it exists¡±°¡ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ǫ´Âµ¥ Å« ½Ç¸¶¸®°¡ µÇ¾î, ¹®ÀåÀÌGliese 581 g¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ̸ç, ¡°Another planet¡±À̶ó°í ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·ÎGliese 581À» ¾ð±ÞÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¼¼ ¹øÂ° ³×¸ð°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù.

3. What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 3?
 
(A) It is not known whether water exists on HD 85512 b.
(B) Goldilocks planets generally have atmospheres.
(C) It is considered highly probable that HD 85512 b is rocky.
(D) Relatively few Goldilocks planets are gas giants.


TIPS: HD 85512 B°¡ °ñµð¶ô½º Ç༺ÀÎ °ÍÀ» ±ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ À¯ÃßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, HD 85512 b¿¡ ¹°ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Áö¹®À» ÅëÇØ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (A)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù.
 
Á¤´ä

1.D
2.Square three
3. A
 
Vocabulary
 
-orbit: v. ±Ëµµ¸¦ µ¹´Ù / to travel in a curved path around a much larger object such as the Earth
-requisite: n. ÇÊ¿äÁ¶°Ç, Çʼöǰ / something that is needed for a particular purpose
-constellation: n. º°ÀÚ¸® / a group of stars that forms a particular pattern and has a name
-wobble: n. Èçµé¸², µ¿¿ä / shake
-corroborate: v. È®ÁõÇÏ´Ù, ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Ù / to provide information that supports or helps to prove someone else¡¯s statement, idea
-dispute: v. ¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ´Ù / to say that something such as a fact is not correct or true
-sufficient: adj. ÃæºÐÇÑ / as much as is needed for a particular purpose
-molecule: n. ºÐÀÚ / the smallest unit into which any substance can be divided without losing its own chemical nature
-evolve: v. ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Ù, ¹ß´ÞÇÏ´Ù / to develop and change gradually over a long period of time
-ascertain: v. ¾Ë¾Æ³»´Ù, È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù / to find out something
 
[Àü¹® ¹ø¿ª]

9¿ù 13ÀÏ ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡ WyomingÀÇ È¸ÀÇ¿¡¼­ õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº 50°³ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¿Ü°èÇ༺µé (¿ì¸®ÀÇ Å¾ç°è ¹ÛÀÇ Ç༺µé)ÀÇ ¹ß°ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÇ Ç༺ÀÌ¡ªÁö±¸¿¡¼­ 36±¤³â ¶³¾îÁø Goldilocks Ç༺ÀÌ¡ªÇ¥Á¦(øöð¹)¸¦ µ¶Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. Goldilocks Ç༺Àº µ¿È­(¿µ±¹µ¿È­¡ª¼Ò³à °ñµð¶ô½º¿Í °õ ¼¼ ¸¶¸®) ¼ÓÀÇ ±¹¹°Ã³·³ ¶ß°ÌÁöµµ ¾Ê°í Â÷°©Áöµµ ¾ÊÀº Ç༺ÀÌ´Ù. Goldilocks Ç༺ÀÇ ±Ëµµ´Â ÁְŰ¡´ÉÁö¿ª ³»¿¡ ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ Æ²¸²¾ø´Ù¡ªÁï, ¾×»óÀÇ ¹°ÀÌ ¾ó¾îºÙ°Å³ª ²ú¾î ¾ø¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°í Á¸Àç ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÑ °Å¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾×»óÀÇ ¹°Àº ¹°·Ð ÇÑ Ç༺ÀÌ ÁÖ°Å °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¼­¼úÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀüÁ¦ Á¶°Çµé °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í HD 85512b ÇöÀç±îÁö °¡Àå ÁÖ°Å °¡´ÉÇÑ ¿Ü°èÇ༺À¸·Î ¼­¼úµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Vela ¼ºÁ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ±× Ç༺Àº Áö±¸ÀÇ 3.6¹è¸¸Å­ Å©°í »óÃþ°ø±âÀÇ ¿Âµµ´Â ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ ¼·¾¾ 25µµ·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù.
 
HD 85512b´Â ÇöÀç ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â, »ý¸íÀ» À¯Áö½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç༺ÀÇ Å½»ö¿¡ À־ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ °¡Àå À¯¸ÁÇÑ ÁøÀüÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Ä¥·¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â European Southern Observatory¿¡¼­ HARPS(High Accuracy Radial Velocity Searcher-ïñÚËãÊàÊáÜÓø÷®ßã)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¡á½ºÀ§½º õ¹®ÇÐÀÚ ÆÀÀÌ ¿î¿ëÇÏ¿© 8³â°ÀÎ Áö±Ý, HARPS´Â ¾î¶² º°À» ¼±È¸ÇÏ´Â Ç༺µéÀÇ Á߷¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ º°ÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡¼­ ±Ø¼ÒÀÇ Èçµé¸²À» ¹ß°ßÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÛ¾÷ÇÑ´Ù. ¡á±× õ¹®´ë´Â ¶ÇÇÑ 2009³â¿¡ ÃÖÃÊ·Î È®ÀÎµÈ Goldilocks Ç༺À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù´Â ¸í¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù: Gliese 581 d°¡ Libra ¼ºÁÂÀÇ ºÓÀº ³­ÀåÀÌGliese 581À» ¼±È¸Çϰí Àִ¹٠Áö±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ 20±¤³â Á¤µµÀ̰í, ±× º°ÀÇ ÁְŰ¡´ÉÁö¿ª ¹Ù·Î ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡á**Keck±¤ÇиÁ¿ø°æÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹Ì±¹ õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº 2010³â¿¡ ÁÖ°Å °¡´É Áö¿ªÀÇ ÇѰ¡¿îµ¥¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ Gliese 581 g¶ó°í ±×µéÀÌ ºÎ¸¥ Ç༺À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ¹ß°ßÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±× Ç༺ÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÀڷḦ °í¼öÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, Gliese 581 gÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â Àü¹®°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ³íÀï Áß¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.¡á
 
Gliese 581 g¿¡ °üÇÑ ³í¶õÀº Áö±¸¿Í ´àÀº ¼¼°è¸¦ Ž»çÇϴ õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Á÷¸éÇÑ ¾öû³² µµÀüµéÀ» °­Á¶Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Goldilocks Ç༺ÀÇ Á¸À縦 ´Ü¼øÈ÷ È®Àθ¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù¸é, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ »ý¸íü°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¸¦ ¹àÈ÷´Â ÀÏÀº ±âÇϱ޼öÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ ¿Âµµ°¡ »ý¸í¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ̱â´Â Çϳª, ÀüÇô ÃæºÐÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù. ÁְŰ¡´ÉÁö¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Ç༺µé¿¡ ¹°À̳ª, ´ë±â, ¶Ç´Â »ýü ºÐÀÚ°¡ ¾øÀ» ¼öµµ Àִµ¥¡ªÀÌ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´ë·Î »ý¸íü°¡ ÁøÈ­Çϴµ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±× Ç༺µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÀûÇÕÇÑ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÁְŰ¡´É Ç༺µéÀº Å伺À̳ª ¸ñ¼º°ú °°Àº ±âü·Î µÈ °ÅÀΰú´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î Áö±¸¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹ÙÀ§°¡ ¸¹À» °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» °¡Áö°í´Â ¸Ö¸® ÀÖ´Â Ç༺µéÀÇ ÀÌ·± Ư¡µéÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº HD 85512 b°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¶Ç´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ´ë±â¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÀüÇô ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
 
±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ¸¹Àº õ¹®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ Ç༺µé¿¡¼­ »ý¸íü¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ³«°üÀûÀ¸·Î µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ 50°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â Goldilocks Ç༺µéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú°í, ±×µéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÈ »ó´ëÀû ¿ëÀ̼º°ú ¼Óµµ°¡ °í¹«ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀºÇϰ踸µµ 2õ¾ï °³ÀÇ º°µé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í, ½Ê¸¸ ±¤³â±îÁö ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÜÁö 20¿¡¼­ 40 ±¤³â ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â Goldilocks Ç༺µéÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÇÑ ¶§ »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´ø °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ÈçÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀºÇϰè´Â »ç½Ç Goldilocks Ç༺µéÀ» ¼ö¹é¸¸ °³ °¡Áö°í ÀÏÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù¡ª±×¸®°í ¸¹Àº Àü¹®°¡µéÀº À̰ÍÀÌ ¿Ü°è »ý¸íüÀÇ Åë°èÀû È®½Ç¼ºÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù.
 

 
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