Breeding a stronger, better banana is not for the weak-willed. °·ÂÇÏ°í ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ Àç¹èÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ú¾àÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. The plants are so sterile that scientists must mush up several acres¡¯ worth of fruit to get just a couple of hundred seeds to work with ¡ª and those seeds are so feeble they must be coaxed in the laboratory to form baby banana plants. ÀÌµé ³ª¹«´Â ¹ø½Ä·ÂÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¾àÇØ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ½ÇÇèÇÒ 2-3 ¹é°³ÀÇ ¾¾¾ÑÀ» ¾ò±â À§ÇØ ¼ö ¿¡ÀÌÄ¿¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ µÚÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ±× ¾¾¾ÑµéÀº ³Ê¹« ¾àÇØ¼ ¾Æ±â ¹Ù³ª³ª ³ª¹« Çüü¸¦ °®Ãß±â À§Çؼ´Â ½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼ º¸»ìÆìÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. That¡¯s why tropical-fruit researchers were breaking out the banana daiquiris recently to celebrate the sequencing of the banana genome by scientists in France. ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ÇÁ¶û½º °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¹Ù³ª³ª °Ô³ð(À¯Àüü) ¹è¿ ¼ø¼ ¹àÈù °ÍÀ» ÃàÇÏÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿´ë°úÀÏ ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀÌ ÃÖ±Ù ¹Ù³ª³ª·Î ¸¸µç ĬÅ×ÀÏÀ» ÇÑÀÜ Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÀÌÀ¯´Ù. If ever a plant needed biotechnology to help it, it¡¯s the banana, these scientists said. ÀÌ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº »ý¸í°øÇÐÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÌ´Â ¹Ù·Î ¹Ù³ª³ª¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. The DNA data ¡ª of a key banana species called Musa acuminata ¡ª will help researchers in their efforts to protect the fruit, which is under attack from all sides by a raft of noxious pests. ¹«»ç ¾ÆÄí¹Ì³ªÅ¸¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÇÙ½É ¹Ù³ª³ª Á¾ÀÇ DNA µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¼ö ¸¹Àº ÇØÃæÀÇ Àü¹æÀ§ °ø°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. The biological blueprint published by the journal Nature will help conventional breeders and genetic engineers alike create varieties that are better suited to fighting disease and tolerating drought, not to mention being more nutritious. ³×ÀÌó ÀâÁö¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû û»çÁøÀº ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Àç¹èÀÚ¿Í À¯Àü°øÇÐÀÚ°¡ ÇÔ²² ¿µ¾çÀÌ ´õ ¸¹À» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áúº´¿¡µµ °ÇÏ°í °¡¹³¿¡µµ Àß °ßµð´Â ǰÁ¾À» ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â µ¥ ±â¿©Çϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. More is at stake than the future of the Western fruit bowl. The $6-billion annual banana export market represents just 15 percent of banana production worldwide. The other 85 percent is food that hundreds of millions of people grow and eat to survive. In the developing world, bananas are the fourth most important crop after rice, wheat and maize. ¼¾ç °úÀÏ ±×¸©ÀÇ ¹Ì·¡º¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ À§±â¿¡ Ã³ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬°£ 60¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¹Ù³ª³ª ¼öÃâ ½ÃÀåÀº ±â²¯ÇØ¾ß ¼¼°è ¹Ù³ª³ª »ý»êÀÇ 15ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. ±× ¹ÛÀÇ 85ÆÛ¼¾Æ®´Â ¼ö ¾ï ¸íÀÌ »ì±â À§Çؼ Àç¹èÇÏ°í ¸Ô´Â ½ÄǰÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ù³ª³ª´Â °³¹ßµµ»ó±¹¿¡¼ ½Ò, ¹Ð, ¿Á¼ö¼ö¿¡ ÀÌ¾î ³× ¹øÂ°·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÛ¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ¡°The people of the world ¡ªsmall farmers and multinationals alike ¡ª are growing varieties made by Mother Nature thousands of years ago,¡± said Rony Swennen, a banana researcher since 1978 and head of the Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement at KU Leuven in Belgium, where the world¡¯s collection of 1,400 banana varieties is housed. ¡°There¡¯s no improved plants available for any of those growers.¡± 1978³âºÎÅÍ ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çؿ »ç¶÷ÀÌÀÚ ¼¼°è 1,400 ¿©Á¾ÀÇ ¹Ù³ª³ª°¡ ¼öÁý º¸°üµÈ º§±â¿¡ ·ç¹ðÀÇ Ä«Å縯 ´ëÇб³(KU)ÀÇ ¿´ëÀÛ¹°°³·® ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ¼ÒÀåÀÎ ·Î´Ï ½º¿þ³ÙÀº ¡°ÀÌ ¼¼°èÀÇ ¼ÒÀÛ³óÀÎÀÌµç ´Ù±¹Àû±â¾÷³óÀ̵ç Á¨ ¼¼°è »ç¶÷µéÀº ´ëÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ¼ö õ ³â Àü¿¡ ¸¸µé¾î³½ ǰÁ¾À» ±â¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°À̵é Àç¹èÀÚ°¡ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °³·®µÈ ÀÛ¹°Àº ¾ø´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. The problem stems from the fact that banana plants ¡ªdomesticated maybe 7,000 years ago and propagated since then through growth of new shoots ¡ª were selected precisely because they are sterile. Nobody wants to peel a banana and find a mess of seeds. ¹®Á¦´Â ¾î¼¸é 7,000³â Àü¿¡ Àç¹èµÇ¾ú°í ±× ¶§ºÎÅÍ »õ½ÏÀ¸·Î ¹ø½ÄÇÑ ¹Ù³ª³ª ÀÛ¹°ÀÌ ¹ø½ÄÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼±ÅõǾú´Ù´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«µµ ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ ¹þ°Ü ¸¹Àº ¾¾¾ÑÀ» º¸°í ½Í¾îÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
In edible bananas, seeds never mature. All we see of them are those little black dots. This produces a head-scratcher for those scientists who want to make the banana better. ½Ä¿ë ¹Ù³ª³ª¿¡¼´Â ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ ´Ù ¿©¹°Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸´Â °ÍÀº °íÀÛÇØ¾ß Á¶±×¸¸ ±î¸¸ Á¡ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ ´õ ÁÁ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â ±× °úÇÐÀÚµéÀ» Çò°¥¸®°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.
|
|
|
|